Diagnosis

Apart from measuring BMI and waist circumference as screening tools to determine whether someone is obese, there are several other measurements that can be performed to support this diagnosis. For example, measuring skinfold thickness, waist-to-hip ratio, or dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry (DEXA).

Doctors also need to assess the individual's health history, including eating patterns, sleep, physical activity, and stress factors. In addition, obese individuals need to be examined for health conditions related to common risks. For instance, blood tests to check blood sugar and cholesterol levels, liver function tests, heart tests, lung tests, thyroid tests, and diabetes screening.

Complications

Obesity is not just about excessive weight gain; it can significantly increase the risk of various diseases. Some of these include type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, stroke, sleep apnea, joint inflammation, gallbladder disease, and fatty liver disease.

Treatment

The health profile will determine an individual's obesity treatment plan, which is done gradually and involves many factors. Essentially, it starts with the most urgent conditions and then follows up with a long-term weight loss plan. This program will succeed if there is commitment.

1. Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle changes, such as eating patterns, need to be discussed with a nutritionist. Meal plans will differ for each person, making them personalized based on age, gender, current BMI, eating habits, food accessibility, and considerations for allergies or dietary restrictions.

Adjustments can include portion reduction, increasing or decreasing the intake of specific nutrients over others. Additionally, if someone has a sedentary lifestyle, physical activity needs to be increased. Effective weight loss combines both diet and exercise.

This exercise does not necessarily require going to the gym. There are many types of workouts that can be done at home with minimal equipment. Start gradually, from light intensity, and increase the duration over time. Compatibility with the type of workout also needs to be found.

2. Behavioral Therapy

Mental health professionals contribute to the weight loss process by helping manage stress and address emotional and psychological factors, which may be triggers for unhealthy habits related to obesity.

Through counseling, individuals are assisted in changing their mindset towards a more positive direction that supports behavioral changes. Weight loss efforts will affect individuals at various levels, often posing challenges, so they also need support from a humane and practical perspective.

3. Medication

In addition to diet and exercise, a person may be prescribed medication by a doctor. Medication here generally aims to address other health issues related to obesity but can also serve as an alternative if weight loss efforts are unsuccessful. For example, appetite suppressants and fat absorption inhibitors.

4. Surgery

The last resort for weight loss is through surgery, known as bariatric surgery. This procedure alters the digestive system by limiting the amount of food that can be consumed or preventing the body from absorbing food and calories, or both. The surgery also changes hormonal factors in the digestive system to influence metabolism and hunger.

This step cannot be taken lightly and is not a quick solution, nor is it suitable for everyone. Doctors will consider whether someone is eligible based on specific criteria. This is because bariatric surgery poses serious risks.

In conclusion, obesity is not just excess weight; it is a source of various diseases. The treatment process is not quick; everything takes time and involves many factors. Starting from lifestyle changes, support through therapy, medications if necessary, to the riskiest option such as bariatric surgery.

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