Ladies, do you know the causes, symptoms, and risk factors for hypertension? Let's see this article to get more detailed information!
Causes of Hypertension
Based on the cause, hypertension is divided into two, namely:
- Essential or primary hypertension of unknown cause.
- Secondary hypertension, the cause of which can be determined through signs, including renal vascular disorders, thyroid gland disorders (hyperthyroidism), and adrenal gland disease (hyperaldosteronism).
Hypertension Symptoms
Not all hypertensive sufferers feel complaints or signs of the disease, but several things that often become symptoms of hypertension include:
- Headache
- Nervous
- Heart pounding
- Dizzy
- Blurred vision
- Pain in the chest
- Easily tired
When hypertension develops, and complications occur, several symptoms are shown, namely:
- Impaired vision
- Nervous disorders
- Heart problems
- Kidney disorders
Cerebral (brain) disorders can also occur, resulting in seizures and bleeding in the brain's blood vessels, which results in paralysis, impaired consciousness, and coma.
Hypertension Risk Factors
Based on further analysis of the results of the 2007 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) by Ekowati Rahajeng and Sulistyo Tuminah, hypertension is associated with risk factors such as:
1. Age
The older a person is, the greater the risk of developing hypertension. This pattern was also seen in the last two Riskesdas in 2013 and 2018.
2. Gender
In contrast to WHO results, the 2013 and 2018 Riskesdas emphasized that women have a more significant proportion of hypertension than men.
3. Level of education
The proportion of hypertension by the level of education shows a decreasing trend as the level of education increases. In the 2013 and 2018 Riskesdas, the proportion of hypertension in the population group that had never attended school was 42% and 51.6%, while in the group that had graduated from tertiary education, it was 22.1% and 28.3%.
4. Profession
The non-working population group had the highest proportion of hypertension among other groups in the 2013 Riskesdas and 2018 Riskesdas.
5. Residence
The proportion of people with hypertension in urban areas is greater than in rural areas. In 2013 the ratio in the two regions was 26.1% and 25.5%, which then increased to 34.4% and 33.7% in 2018. This pattern can be assumed to occur due to behavioral risk factors that potentially cause more hypertension in urban areas than in rural areas.
6. Lifestyle and behavior
A sedentary lifestyle that expends little energy, consumption of instant food containing chemicals, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, and low fruit and vegetable consumption are factors associated with the incidence of hypertension.
The consumption of fewer fruits and vegetables has a very high percentage among other sedentary behaviors, namely 93.5% in 2013 and 95.4% in 2018.
This shows that most of the population in Indonesia consumes very little fruit and vegetables. Compared to vegetables, packaged and fast food products tend to be preferred by the public because of the enjoyment of taste and the ease of obtaining what is offered.
What about you, Ladies? Do you have risk factors for hypertension in your life? Or do you already feel the signs of hypertension? Don't forget to check your blood pressure regularly! Remember to read other articles from Fitie to get more information.
Sources:
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2009). Hipertensi: Prevalensi dan Determinannya di Indonesia. Jakarta: Ekowati Rahajeng dan Sulistyo Tuminah.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2008). Laporan Riskesdas 2007. Jakarta: Badan Litbangkes, Kemenkes.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2013). Pedoman Teknis Penemuan dan Tatalaksana Hipertensi. Jakarta: Ditjen Pengendalian Penyakit, Kemenkes
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2014). Laporan Riskesdas 2013. Jakarta: Badan Litbangkes, Kemenkes
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2019). Laporan Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Litbangkes, Kemenkes
Pusat Data dan Informasi. (2019). InfoDATIN. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI