Myoma, uterine fibroid, or leiomyoma, are non-cancerous tumor cells that grow in or around a woman's uterus. These tumors are benign and do not have the potential to become cancerous. Their size and location can lead to symptoms like pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.
Statistics suggest that approximately 70-80% of women may experience myoma during their reproductive years. These growths, or myoma, uterine fibroids, or leiomyoma, are non-cancerous tumors that develop in or around a woman's uterus. They are benign, meaning they are not malignant and do not possess the potential to become cancerous. The symptoms and severity of myomas can vary based on their size and location within or around the uterus.
Myomas can range in size from small to large. Sometimes, myomas go unnoticed because they cause no symptoms, particularly when they are small in size or number. However, larger or more numerous myomas may lead to symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, abdominal cramping, pelvic pain, and increased urination.
Common Symptoms of Myoma
Myoma patients often experience symptoms such as:
- Prolonged and heavy menstrual bleeding
- Abdominal enlargement
- Pelvic pain
- Discomfort during sexual intercourse
- Frequent urination
- Leg pain in the back
- Constipation or bloating
Causes of Myoma
The exact causes of myomas remain unclear. Some theories suggest a connection to elevated hormone estrogen levels, while others point to genetic factors as potential contributors.
Risk factors that can increase the likelihood of myoma development include:
- Early onset of menstruation
- Family history of myomas
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Obesity
- Alcohol consumption
- Low intake of fruits and vegetables
- Regular consumption of red meat
Detecting Myoma
To confirm the presence of myoma, women can consult a trusted gynecologist and undergo diagnostic procedures like vaginal ultrasound, MRI, saline sonohysteragram, or hysteroscopy.
In cases where myomas do not cause significant symptoms, treatment may not be necessary as they can shrink naturally. Most myomas cease to grow and may even decrease in size as women reach menopause. In such instances, monitoring by a healthcare provider is typically sufficient. However, individuals experiencing severe symptoms may undergo treatment, including hormone therapy, to prevent myoma development and reduce associated symptoms. In more severe cases, surgical procedures may be considered.
Myoma is manageable, but it should be carefully addressed to avoid potential complications, such as infertility or recurrent miscarriages.
Reference:
UCLA Health. (No Date) What Are Fibroids [Online] https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/fibroids/what-are-fibroids
EMC Healthcare. (2022) Ketahui Bahaya Miom pada Rahim Wanita [Online] https://www.emc.id/id/care-plus/ketahui-bahaya-miom-pada-rahim-wanita
Lippo Insurance. (No Date). Mengenal Miom dan Kista [Onlne] https://www.lippoinsurance.com/mengenal-miom-dan-kista/
Sam Marie. (2017). Mioma, Penyebab dan Pengobatan [Online] https://www.sammariewijaya-hospital.com/artikel/mioma